There are developmental stages Indonesian Traditional music Nusantara.
The stages are as follows:
The period before the entry of Hindu-Buddhist influences.
At this time, the music is used as part of a public ritual activities. In some groups, noises produced by certain limbs or tools believed to have magical powers. Instrument or instruments used are generally derived from the natural surroundings.Period after its entry-Hindu-Buddhist influences.
At this time, there developed palace music (especially in Java). At that time, the music is not only used as part of a ritual, but also in the activities of the royal guest entertainment facilities. Palace gamelan music is growing. Gamelan consists of 5 groups: group balungan, blimbingan group, group pencon, drum groups, and complementary groups.The period after the entry of the influence of Islam
In addition to trade and spread the religion of Islam, Arab traders also introduce their music. Their musical instruments such as the psaltery and tambourine. of processes that arise psaltery orkes- orchestra in the archipelago (Indonesia) until today.Period of Colonialism
The entry of Western nations to Indonesia also have a major impact in the development of Indonesian music. The newcomers introduced various musical instruments of their country, such as violins, cellos (cello), guitar, flute (flute), and ukulele. They also bring the system in various works solmisasi song. That times of development of modern Indonesian music. At that time, the Indonesian musicians to create music that is a fusion dish of western music and Indonesian music. The musical offerings known as keroncong music.Now the future in line with the inclusion of electronic media in Indonesia, also makes various types of western music, such as pop, jazz, blues, rock, and R & B music as well as the local
India's home-movie that many brought through the film. From this development, there was a combination of foreign music to Indonesian music. Indian music experience with a blend of Malay music to produce a type of dangdut music. Then, there are also a variety of Indonesian musicians homage to pop, jazz, blues, rock, and R & B. Develops a type of music that combines elements of regionalism Indonesia with elements of western music, especially the means of music. This type of music is often called ethnic music.
Types of Traditional Music
Indonesia is a country consisting of thousands of islands stretching from Aceh to Papua. Among the many islands along with the society was born, grew and developed art tradition that is identity, identity, media expressions of community supporters.Almost all parts of Indonesia has a distinctive traditional music. The uniqueness can be seen from his playing technique, presentation and form / organological musical instruments.
Percussion Instruments.
Percussion is the designation for all musical instruments playing techniques in at, either by hand or stick. In this case some of the musical instruments belonging to the percussion instruments is, Gamelan, Arumba, Kendang, kolintang, drums, talempong, tambourine, drum, jimbe and so forth.Gamelan is a musical instrument made of metal. Gamelan comes from Central Java, DI. Yogyakarta, East Java, West Java also commonly referred to as gamelan and Bali (Balinese Gamelan). One device consists of gamelan instruments saron, demung, gongs, kenong, slenthem, bonang and several other instruments. Gamelan has a pentatonic melodies / pentatonic.
Talempong is the art music tradition of the Minangkabau / Sumatra West. Talempong is pitched diatonic instrument (do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, ti, do)
Kolintang or kulintang derived from the Minahasa / North Sulawesi. Kolintang have diatonic scales / diatonic instruments are all made up of bass, melodic and rhythmic. The basic ingredients for making kulintang is wood. How to play this instrument in at by using a stick.
Arumba (bamboo grove strains) originated from West Java. Arumba is a musical instrument made of bamboo bhan played with melodic and rhythmic. At first arumba using pentatonic scales but in its development using diatonic scales.
Drums are kind of percussion instrument which comes from animal skin membrane. Drums or drum can be found in many parts of Indonesia. In West Java drum has an important role Jaipong. In Central Java, Bali, Yogyakarta, East Java, drums always used in a good game to accompany the gamelan, dance, puppets, Ketoprak. Tifa is a type of percussion instrument that can be found in Papua, Maluku and Nias. Tambourine is a drum type of mixed sizes from small to large. Tambourine is a musical instrument commonly used in Islamic art has. Tambourine can be found in almost all regions of Indonesia.
Musical Instruments Pick
Lute is a stringed musical instrument from West Java. Organological lute shape is a wooden box lined above string / strings, wooden box is useful as a resonator. Musical instrument resembling a lute is a zither from central Java.
Sasando is a stringed musical instrument from the east Nusa Tenggara (East) harp made of bamboo with a given string / string while resonasi was made of woven palm leaves that have a hemispherical shape.
Sampek (until / sapek) is a musical instrument resembling a guitar comes from Kalimantan region. This instrument is made of wood covered with ornaments / carvings are beautiful. Other stringed instruments resembling sampek is Hapetan Tapanuli, Jungga of South Sulawesi
Stringed Musical Instruments.
Traditional musical instrument which uses techniques swiped game is fiddle. Fiddle comes from the West Java, Central Java, Jakarta (Betawi arts). Rebabb made of wood and covered with a thin skin resonator, has two strings / strings and have the pentatonic scales. Other traditional musical instruments such as the fiddle, has the form Ohyan the resonator is made of coconut shell, fiddle this type can be found in Bali, Java and South Kalimantan.
Blow Musical Instruments
The flute is a musical instrument wind instrument made of bamboo. almost all regions in Indonesia can be found this instrument. Saluang is a wind instrument from West Sumatra, flute can be found in North Sumatra, Borneo. Lembang distilled from areas that have long Toraja between 40-100cm with 2 cm midline.
Tarompet, serompet, bugle is a type of wind instrument that has a 4-6 hole to blow the tone and funnel-shaped. Art music tradition that uses musical instruments as these are folk art Tapanuli, West Java, East Java, Madura, Papua.
Tayuban musical instruments
The term "waditra" may be among us still feels strange. Although every day or sometimes we may often hear, even once beating her look. Waditra is a device that emits a sound that is commonly used in traditional art, or we are more familiar with the term musical instruments. But the musical instrument with the term "waditra" is a traditional musical instrument. In accordance with the Sunda local name 'waditra' is a musical instrument in Sundanese traditional arts.
West Java has many types and varieties of form "waditra", such as the harp, flute, drums, xylophone, gamelan, and so on. The study of the ins and outs of waditra scope is organological science or also called Science Tools Music.
In our waditra classification can be categorized in the form of musical instruments chordophone, idiophone, membranophone, aerophone, and Electrphone. As for how the game can be shared on musical instruments tapped, plucked, struck, blown, and swiped.
Phenomenon in the world of arts education in our particular the introduction of waditra is not given to the fullest. In fact, many of our students do not know adik2 a wide variety of forms and functions Sunda waditra in an ensemble or in the form of one of the types of art.
Things like this is certainly a concern for us, not what our children no longer recognize their own repertoire of cultural wealth. How and what we should actually attempt to do?
Waditra used in the show is not much different gamelan tayub with equipment used in kiliningan plate, but sometimes in waditra added by a small drum or tambourine. Dominant role as a song accompanist gamelan and folk dances.
In general Tayub gamelan made from bronze, there is also the use of iron and steel plate material, it is adjusted to the level of tenants.
Javanese gamelan, history and mystery.
Traditional musical instrument called the gamelan comes from the Javanese culture, which are still preserved in the palace of Yogyakarta and Surakarta (Solo)
Javanese Gamelan And Young.
1. Karawitan Arts Development.
Javanese gamelan is a set of instruments as a musical statement that is often referred to as a musician. Music that comes from the Javanese pepper which means complicated, convoluted, but it also means cayenne smooth, beautiful, and delicious tortuous. Javanese gamelan particular word is used to refer to gamelan music, Indonesian music that implement non-diatonic tones (in the barrel and pelog slendro) who claimed his claim using the notation system, timbre, rhythm, has a function, and regulation pathet working on a dish in instrumental form, and a wonderful mix Vokalia heard.
Javanese gamelan contains historical values and philosophical for Indonesia. It was said, for Javanese gamelan is one of the cultural arts inherited by its predecessor and is still widely favored and occupied. Hypothetically, a scholar J.L.A. Brandes (1889) suggests that the Java community before the influence of Hinduism had known ten skills, such as puppets and gamelan. Historically, Javanese gamelan also has a long history. As with any other art or culture, Javanese Gamelan in its development is also changing. Changes occur in the way of making it, while development involves quality. Javanese gamelan ageng previous ownership limited to the palace.Now, anyone who is interested can have it all Javanese gamelan is not included in the category of heritage (Arise Haryono, 2001).
A complete gamelan have approximately 72 instruments and can be played by a musician (drummer), accompanied by 10-15 singers and or Gerong. Its structure mainly consists of the tools at or drumming made of metal. Other instruments such as drums, rebab (stringed instrument), a type of xylophone-blade xylophon with slats of wood, wire and plucked stringed instrument called a zither or celepung.
Javanese Gamelan had an overwhelming response in the international world. We have many gamelan performances held in various European countries and obtain a very good response from the people there. Even schools abroad which include gamelan music as one of the options to be studied by his students is also not small. But ironically, in their own country are still many people who doubt the future of the gamelan. Especially young people who tend to be more interested in music outside that have sophisticated instruments. From here required an effort to attract people to the traditional arts into the nation's cultural heritage.
2. The social function Javanese Gamelan
Philosophically Javanese gamelan is an integral part of Javanese life. This because Javanese philosophy of life associated with the art form of gamelan Javanese culture and closely linked to the development of religion that was followed.
In Javanese gamelan community has aesthetic functions related to social values, moral and spiritual. Gamelan has its own greatness, the proof that the world also recognizes traditional gamelan is a musical instrument that can offset the east west musical instruments that are big. Gamelan is a musical instrument that is flexible, because it can serve also for education.
3. Inheritance Javanese gamelan to the Younger Generation
At the present time there is a tendency differences in perception made by the younger generations through a variety of cultural attractions, which in other respects seem rather prominent, but in terms of another is a setback, especially concerning the motions of dance and penyuguhan gendhing- issued piece.
Young man looks not interested gamelan because no introduction. In addition, no one taught. It can not be blamed for the majority of parents, even the school environment, does not support the child knows the gamelan. For the younger generation, gamelan hard interested if it sounded like the first times of the era parents or their grandparents. Young people are now more like if sounding gamelan as they please and paired with musical instruments and art whatever. However, through these ways get in the way for sustainable gamelan. Gamelan is not just a traditional musical instrument or object, but there is a spirit in it, the togetherness. The important thing here is human, that is how they feel close to the musicians.
Should be considered also for the preservation of our own culture earnest Adhi Luhur, full of aesthetics, harmony, teachings, philosophies, manners, society, tolerance, human formation of noble-minded man, not too loose as a motivating factor human in the worship of God, namely by means of hard work and goodwill memetri or keeping arts and culture itself. There must be no gap or a gap with the elders who really qualified (expert). Even the communication needs to be maintained as well as possible with the elders as a source or a warehouse that was storing a variety of science related to issues of culture itself, especially the musical masters, dance etc..
The following musical instruments-only found in Indonesia, among others, are:
angklung
drum
calung
Family Gamelan them
demung
Gong (gedhe gong, gong Kebyar)
drums
Saron
Karo drum
Gendrum
Kacapi
ketipung
kolintang
Compassionate, loving Pereret
fiddle
tambourine
Saluang
sasando
slenthem
talempong
Tambo
Tifa
Triton
Angklung.
Angklung is a traditional musical instrument from West Java, made from bamboo, which sounded shaken by (the sound caused by the clash of bodies bamboo pipes) so as to produce sound that vibrates in the arrangement of tones 2, 3, to 4 tones in every size, both large and small. The barrel (tone) musical instrument angklung as Sundanese traditional music is the most salendro and pelog.
Drum.
Drum is a percussion instrument like a drum. Drum is a traditional musical instrument which has been used since thousands of years ago, which has a function as a traditional means of communication, both in the political and religious rituals. In Indonesia, a regular drum sounded for notices of prayer or worship time. Drum made from a large piece of wood or palm trees along approximately one meter or more. The middle part of the rod-shaped tube hollowed out so great. The tip of the larger stems covered with animal skin that serves as a membrane or eardrum membrane. When beaten, the drum causing deep voice, pitched a typical, low, but can be heard to a considerable distance.
Calung.
Calung is a Sundanese musical instrument which is the prototype (prototype) of angklung. Unlike the angklung played by shaken, beat calung way is to hit the rod (wilahan, blades) of the joint (bamboo tubes) which are arranged according to titi barrel (scales) pentatonic (da-mi-na-ti-la). Types of bamboo for the manufacture of most awi wulung calung (black bamboo), but some are made of awi friend (white bamboo).
Understanding calung than as a musical instrument is also attached as performance art. There are two forms of Sundanese calung known, namely calung rantay and calung tote.
Gamelan.
Gamelan is a musical ensemble that usually highlight metallophone, xylophone, drums, and gongs. The term gamelan refers to the instrument / tool, which is a unified whole that is realized and sounded together. Gamelan word itself comes from the Javanese gamel which means hitting / beating, followed by an ending that makes it a noun. Gamelan orchestra mostly found in the island of Java, Madura, Bali, and Lombok in Indonesia in various types of sizes and shapes ensemble. In Bali and Lombok today, and in Java through the 18th century, the term gong is considered synonymous dengangamelan.
Demung.
Demung is one of the gamelan instruments including balungan family.
In one set of gamelan usually there are 2 demung, both have pelog version and slendro. Demung produce tones with the lowest octave in balungan family, with a larger physical size. Demung has wilahan relatively thinner but wider than wilahan saron, so that it produces a lower tone. Demung percussion usually made of wood, with a shape like a hammer, bigger and heavier than the percussion saron.
Gong.
Gong is a percussion instrument that is well known in South East Asia and East Asia. This gong is used for traditional musical instruments. Currently not many crafters gong like this.
Drums.
Drum, drum, or the drum is an instrument in Gamelan of Central Java is one of the main functions set the rhythm. This instrument sounds by hand, without tools. Kind of small drum called ketipung, the media called drum ciblon / Kebar. Ketipung there is a pair of drums called gedhe kalih commonly called drums. Kalih played drums on such subtle character piece laguatau Ketawang, kethuk kalih piece, and ladrang rhythm dadi. Can also be played quickly on the opening song kind of launch, rhythm ladrang responsibility. Because no one else kendhang typical doll drum mat.
Saron.
Saron (also called ricik) is one of the gamelan instruments including balungan family.
In one set of gamelan usually have 4 saron, and all have versions pelog and slendro. Saron produce tones an octave higher than demung, with a smaller physical size. Percussion saron usually made of wood, with a shape like a hammer.
Karo drum.
Karo drum or the drum five dalinen consists of five sets of percussion instruments (percussion) are played by five musicians. The fifth device is satupenaruné, two penggual, and two shy of the gong. Five drum ensemble music sedalanen called because it consists of five musical instruments, namely Sarune (aerofon), drum ovary (membranofon), drum children (mebranofon, gung, and penganak. However also called drum five sedalanen, ranggutna A ten-two, namely the number twelve for the calculations used in whole, including sticks or tools hitting the musical instrument.
Gendrum.
Gendrum is a hybrid instrument between the drum and the drum is designed by Siswo Harsono in 1992 the instrument is usually applied in the arts Gambang Semarang and can also be applied in other arts such as jaipongan, campursari, or dangdut. Gendrum jaipong consists of a drum, a kendangbatangan, two ketipung (panepak), two Ketibung (ketipung large), a pair of bongo, cowbells, bass drum, and cymbal set consisting of a ride, crash, splash, and china.
Kacapi.
Kacapi a Sundanese musical instrument played as the main instrument in Sundanese or mamaos Cianjuran Songs and kacapi flute.
Kacapi word in Sundanese also refers to the plant Sentul, who believed the wood used to make musical instruments kacapi.
Kolintang.
Kolintang or kulintang is a typical musical instrument Minahasa, North Sulawesi. Kolintang made from local wood lightweight but strong like eggs, bandaran, arbitrary, wood kakinik chrysolite, and which has a parallel fiber construction.
Pereret Loving Mercy.
Pereret is an ancient musical instrument trumpet made of a type of wood that is shaped in such a way that it becomes a trumpet. Compassionate - compassion is in order - to (pellets) while the mate is worthy couple as husband or wife.
Fiddle.
Rebab (Arabic: الرباب or رباب) is a stringed instrument that usually use 2 or 3 strings, this instrument is a musical instrument originating from the Middle East and Southeast Asia began to be used after the spread of the influence of the Middle East.
Tambourine.
Tambourine is a drum-shaped round and flat. Circular frame of wood turner, with one hand to tap on goat leather. Art in Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia and Singapore are often put on the tambourine is a musical rhythm of the desert, for example, harp, Qasida and hadroh.
Saluang.
Saluang is a traditional musical instrument of Minangkabau, West Sumatra. Which is a wind instrument made of thin bamboo or gutters (Schizostachyum brachycladum Kurz). Minangkabau people believe that the best materials to be made saluang derived from gutter to gutter clothesline fabric or found floating in the river. This tool of the types of musical instruments including the flute, but it is simpler to make, simply by punching holes in the gutter with four holes. Saluang length of approximately 40-60 cm, with a diameter of 3-4 cm. As for other uses of the chamfer is to make lemang container, one of the traditional foods of Minangkabau.
Sasando.
Sasando is a stringed musical instrument. The musical instrument originating from the island of Rote, East Nusa Tenggara. Literally Sasando according to the origin of his name in the language of Rote, sasandu, which means the device vibrates or rings. Sasando supposedly used in the community Rote since the 7th century. There are similar the shape Sasando with other stringed instruments such as guitar, violin and harp.
Slenthem.
Slenthem is one of gamelan instruments consisting of thin metal sheet width is strung with rope and stretched over the tubes and produces a low hum or tone echoes that follow saron, ricik, and balungan when sounded. Some have named it as genderpenembung. As with the other instruments in a gamelan set, slenthem certainly have slendro version and version pelog. Wilahan Slenthem Pelog generally have a range of tones C to B, while slenthem slendro has a range of tones C, D, E, G, A, C '.
Talempong.
Talempong is a typical percussion instruments Minangkabau ethnic group. The shape is similar to the instruments in the gamelan bonang. Talempong can be made of brass, but some are made of wood and stone. Currently talempong of the more widely used types of brass. This Talempong circular hollow on the bottom while the top there is a prominent roundabout five centimeters in diameter as a place to hit. Talempong has a different tone. The sound is generated from a pair of wood struck on its surface.
Tambo.
Tambo is a traditional musical instrument of Aceh. Tambo Iboh made of sticks, cow leather, and rattan as a skin stretcher. The shape and type of drum played by being hit. In ancient times, the legend serves as alatkomunikasi to indicate time praying or sembayang and to gather residents to meunasah to discuss the problems of the village. Today, the legend has been rarely used because of the modern technology in the form of a microphone.
Triton.
Triton is a traditional musical instrument of the Papuan people. Triton is played by blowing. This instrument is available in the entire coast, especially in the area of Biak, Yapen, Waropen, Nabire, Wondama, as well as the islands of King Amat. Initially, the tool is only used for a means of communication or as a means of calling / signaling. Furthermore, this tool is also used as a means of entertainment and traditional musical instruments.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://www.faradice.blogspot.com/2014/10/traditional-music-nusantara.html
DatePublished: October 4th, 2014 at 13:52
Tag : Traditional music Nusantara.
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