The influence of opium in Asia is huge. British state interests in the profits from the opium trade has sparked two wars with China in the 1800s. Opium, which is often called "Black Gold," is so valuable that people often use gold as a substitute for money in trade. In the late 1900s, the same trade creates what is known as the Golden Triangle.
The region, which was named by the opium traders, covering parts of three countries: Thailand, Laos and Burma which covers more than 100,000 square kilometers of mountains and forming a triangle or the like. Two major rivers, the Mekong and Ruak, joined in the middle of the area.
To this day, "drugs entering Cambodia from the Golden Triangle area along the borders of Thailand, Laos and Burma," then through Cambodia to Thailand and Vietnam for export, "according to a book published in 2010 entitled Issues for Engagement: Asian Perspectives on Transnational Security Challenges (Problems To cite this Agreement: Asian views Regarding Security Challenges Friendlies). Golden Triangle countries have matured in making and distributing drugs, according to a book released by the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies (Asia-Pacific Institute for Security Studies) it. For example, "the hidden laboratory supported by an organized crime syndicate made drugs in the areas of Cambodia are sparsely populated," the statement said of the book, and borders are porous fishing smugglers to pass through the forests remote. "
Thailand is "a transfer of cargo and a net importer of amphetamine type stimulants," according to the International Narcotics Control Policy report from the US State Department in 2010. According to the report, methamphetamine trafficked from Burma over the border of northern Thailand for export internationally. The possibility of drugs brought from Burma through Laos and Thailand across the Mekong River to enter, according to the report, adding that the smugglers also take him to the south through Laos to the Cambodian where they entered through the Thai-Cambodian border.
Moreover, China and India is a major producer of ephedra and pseudoephedrine, which are used illegally in the manufacture of methamphetamine, according to the report. Then how the opium crop development in Indonesia, especially after India were able to sell opium to turn it into methamphetamine, cocaine and morphine, opium became sales are growing fast? In Indonesia opium began to enter the Dutch colonial era the 1980s. At that time the invaders get this opium from India and then sold to the public at large.
There are two ways that the current opium sales through auction sales to countries and ports throughout Indonesia. At that time, the high price of opium resulted in many smuggled opium.
Luckily, the negative influence of opium can be immediately realized the Dutch government. In other source javaaction.org mentioned in the 1900s, the Dutch government began to ban the people of Indonesia and its people to consume opium.
Still, sales of opium by the state and the owner of the land to the city was made considering the value of the sale of opium.
Entering the new millennium, the war on drugs such as opium and started on the increase. This is realized with the establishment of the National Narcotics Agency (BNN) are committed to prevent the spread of drugs to meet the target of a drug-free Indonesia in 2015.
History of opium in Asia
1600s Population Persia and India eat and drink foods that contain a mixture of opium for the purpose of fun. Portuguese traders brought opium from India to China.1700s The Dutch export of Indian opium to China and islands in Southeast Asia. Traders were also introduced by sucking opium poppy using tobacco pipe to the Chinese people. Opium dominate Shanghai 1907
In 1729 the Chinese Emperor Yung Cheng issued a ban on opium suck and sales in the country, except with a permit for treatment purposes.
1767 import figures of British East India Co. to China to achieve a surprising number of 2,000 chests annually. One crate can load 60 kilograms of raw opium.
1811 Thai King Rama II banned the sale and use of opium.
1839 Thai King Rama III introduced the death penalty for large dealers opium poppy but the problem proved to be too wide for the officers to be eradicated.
1842 England beat China in the First Opium War between 1839 to 1842. After the British forced the Chinese to keep open lines of the opium trade, China handed Hong Kong to Britain. Hong Kong developed into an important place for the transfer of Indian opium to enter the Chinese market is very large.
1856 The British and French resumed their hostilities against China in the Second Opium War, between 1856 to 1860. At the end of the struggle, the import of opium is legalized. In 1860, China began to grow opium itself in very much.
In 1898 Heinrich Dreser, who worked for Bayer Co. in Elberfeld, Germany, finds that diluting morphine with asetyl produce a drug without side effects. Bayer began making diasetylmorfin and named it "heroin", from the German word meaning heroisch heroic (acts like a hero). Heroin is not introduced in general over the next three years.
1900s A generous institutions U.S. Saint James Society organized a campaign to provide free samples of heroin through the mail to morphine addicts who are trying to quit. Britain and France succeeded in overseeing the manufacture of opium in Southeast Asia. This area, known as the Golden Triangle, and a major player in the lucrative opium trade in the 1940s.
1910 After 150 years failed in an attempt to liberate their country from opium, the Chinese managed to persuade the British to thwart the opium trade between India and China.
In the 1940s the Second World War cut off the flow of opium from India and Persia. Worried about losing his opium trade monopoly, the French encourage Hmong farmers from the mountains of southern China to expand the manufacture of opium.
1948 Burma gained independence from Britain at the end of the Second World War. Planting and growing opium trade in Shan area.
1950s U.S. trying to contain the spread of Communism in Asia by forging collaboration with tribes and leaders who inhabit the Golden Triangle area, so it provides a smooth relationship and protection along the Chinese border. In the mid 1950s, the KMT, a Chinese Nationalist Party, fled to areas around the Golden Triangle after the defeat of Communist China. To finance his goal against Communist aggression, KMT persuade the Burmese hill tribe farmers to plant more opium. Burma as part of the Golden Triangle opium increase manufacture as much as 10 to 20-fold, from 30 tons to 300-600 tons.
1960s The Southeast Asian opium merchants set up factories first heroin refineries in the mid 1960s in the hills of Laos, across the Mekong from Chiang Khong in Thailand. Then, they build more factories again in the Thai-Burma border.
1972 Warlord Khun Sa Burma export control heroin from the Golden Triangle, which became the main source of raw opium in the lucrative drug trade.
1978 Outbreak of heroin declined. The search for the source of the raw material of opium to the Sierra Madre in Mexico. "Mexican Mud" to temporarily replace heroin "China White" until 1978. In the same year, the US government and Mexico to spray poppy fields with herbicides that decrease the amount of "Mexican Mud" in the US To cover the shortage of supply, the area "Golden Crescent" (Golden Crescent) in Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan improve the manufacture and trade of illicit heroin.
In 1988, Burma's military leaders to promote the establishment of opium under the rules of the State Law and Order Restoration Council (Restoration Council Law and Orders). U.S. suspect that a number of the largest shipment of 2,400 pounds of heroin were seized in Thailand, with the goal of New York, comes from the Golden Triangle.
1993 Thai Army with the help of the Bureau of Law Enforcement US Drugs launch activities destruction of thousands of acres of poppy cultivation in the Golden Triangle area.
1995 Golden Triangle has become a major opium producer, produces 2,500 tons annually. According to experts the US illicit drug, the drug dealers have created a new crossing paths from Burma through Laos to the southern part of China, Cambodia and Vietnam. For comparison, the harvest in 1987 in Burma reached 836 tons of raw opium; in 1995 the result increased to 2,340 tons.
1999 Afghanistan produces abundant harvest as much as 4,600 tons of opium. U.N. Drug Control Programme (United Nations Drug Control Programme) estimates that Afghanistan produces 75 percent of the heroin in the world.
2002 U.N. Drug Control and Crime Prevention Agency (Bureau of Drug Control and Crime Prevention UN) announced that Afghanistan is again the world's largest opium producer.
In 2003 North Korea effort to enter the Australian market with heroin trafficking heroin supported by the state government having trouble.
2006 U.N. Office on Drugs and Crimes (Bureau of Drug Control and Crime UN) reported that the harvest of opium in Afghanistan in 2006 will reach 6,100 metric tons - the highest achievement in the world. This figure represents 92 percent of the world's opium supply.
2007 King of opium and former leader of a breakaway from the Shan in the Golden Triangle area, Khan SA, died. He lived from 1933 to 2007. At its peak, the kingdom of narcotics Khun Sa regulate the manufacture of approximately one-quarter of the world's heroin supply.
In 2010 Despite the decrease regularly poppy cultivation during the last three years, Burma remains the second largest opium producer in the world after Afghanistan and produce as much as 330 metric tons, or 17 percent of the world's supply last year, according to "The World Drug Report 2010" from UN.
Many of us have encountered because of the effects of drug use and all kinds of opium. So our awareness of the dangers of these drugs need to be improved and more prudent to say SAY NO to DRUGS.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://www.faradice.blogspot.com/2014/12/opium-circulation-history.html
DatePublished: December 8, 2014 at 17:01
Tag : Opium circulation history, Opium, Candu, Drug
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