Rats are mammals belonging to the tribe muridae. The most known rat species are mice (Mus spp.) And rats (Rattus norvegicus) is found in almost all countries and is an important model organism in biology; is also a popular pet.
Types.
Mice (Mus sp.)
Rats (Rattus rattus)
Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Field rats (Rattus argentiventer)
Wirok mice (Bandicota sp.)
The Shrew (Shrew), which is often referred to as "rats", is not a group of rodents including, but predator insects (insectivores).
Rats.
Is a type of rat that lived in the sewers and in the gutters in the area of human settlements. This kind of mice eat human food and the rest of the rubbish that comes from anywhere. Rats also often claimed to be the carrier of disease, especially typhoid disease. In addition, mice contaminate human food often when people sleep.
Field mouse.
Field rats (Rattus argentiventer) is an important pest in rice plants. Severe attacks on the generative phase of rice plants may cause crop failure. Rat infestation in rice fields has been started since the seed sowing in the nursery. Here the rats eating the seeds are germinating, consequently farmers to re-sow. The second attack occurred when the rice plants in tillering (vegetative). At this time puppies rats gnaw at the base to take a part in the (growing point). The third attack occurred on the generative phase, where the time has stopped tillering and the beginning of ovule formation until harvest. Rats attack rice night. By day rat hiding in a hole in the irrigation embankments, roads rice fields, dikes, and areas near rice fields perkampunagn. In the period of fallow paddy fields, most of the mice migrated to the area near the rice fields and villages would return to the field after rice cropping towards generative.
As rodents (rodent) field mice often damaging rice crops in amounts far exceeding the needs of her eating. That is because the rats need to "sharpen" his front teeth are always growing to always be in the right size.
Control.
Yam tuber is effective for controlling plant pests rats. block rodenticide treatment yam and yam extracts mixed rice is more effective in attracting rats to consume compared to bait yam extract with a concentration of 25%.
Spices are also effective as a repellent in mice. In repelensi testing arena, a mixture of red chili sauce, garlic and pepper is an effective repellent to repel mice, whereas in the laboratory for treatment of garlic merupaka most effective repellent.
The use of traps to control rats settlement house in habitats is a simple method that is easy to apply and safe and no risk to the environment.
The origin of the white rat.
White rat is native to Asia, India, and Western Europe, including in the family rodentia, so it still includes relatives with hamsters, gerbils, squirrels, rodents and other creatures. Mice (mus musculus) is a food that is most favored by reptiles because of its nutrient content more than the frog. White mice are food grains, fleshy roots, leaves, stems, and insects. Rats are often used as a means of biomedical research, testing and education. Relation to biomedical, white mice are used as models of human disease in terms of genetics. This is due to the completeness of the organs, nutritional needs, metabolism, and bio-chemistry was quite close to humans. White rat in question is a rat with the entire body from head to tail in white, while the pink eyes. In addition to mice, rats and mice are commonly used to study a large white rat (rattus norvegicus). Judging from the anatomic structure, white mice have five pairs of mammary glands. Mammary tissue distribution spread, extending from the ventral midline of the pelvis, chest and neck. left lung consists of one lobe, while the right lung consists of four lobes.
It turns white rats mice alias is not only to feed reptiles alone. Mice to feed reptiles are ordinary white mice or rats afkiran. Rats are also commonly used for the study. Many students STIKES or Medicine and Pharmacy students who use mice as a research object.
Price of white mice for research of course much higher than the rat to feed. Because the rats for research usually requires special requirements. For example: the uniformity of strain, age, and body weight. Way maintenance was also slightly different, more attention and feed hygiene problems.
Demand for white rats no research specifications. Normal mice to study besides mice (Mus musculus) is a large white rat (Rat) Rattus norvegicus species. But again, not just any Rattus norvegicus requested for research. Strain / strain Rattus norvegicus commonly asked to research from Wistar and Sprague-Dawley (SD). Umunnya student research in Indonesia using Wistar.
Today, efforts to breed mice already getting angry. This is because the function of the white rat diverse, and the price is more expensive. Efforts to breed the mice can get through a large company in charge of supplying the needs of the laboratory of an educational institution, as well as from individual businesses who see a white rat farming business is a promising business. The first step in setting up the cultivation of white rats are breeding. Good breeders and healthy, will most likely result in a good and healthy offspring. To cultivate white rats no need to use a special place. Rats only need to be placed in a simple plastic tanks, with regard to air circulation. There is no special food that must be provided for the cultivation of the white rat. But there is an experience of an expert who has successfully cultivated white rats for years that: sprouts is a food that can be consumed by white rats to reproduce rat pups. Broodstock fed Brussels sprouts will usually produce puppies very much. The average gestation period is twenty days of white mice. At that time, the pregnant white rat should be separated from other mice. The goal is to avoid stress on pregnant rats. After a few days, the mice breeders will soon give birth to her child in red. For young rats, once given birth four tails can produce puppies, and to adult rats can produce ten puppies tails. In those days, a white rat breeder should always pay attention to food for breeding mice that met nutrition. Can you imagine if a rat to give birth once able to produce four to ten puppies tail, and it only takes twenty days to her pregnancy, the cultivation of white mice will develop very fast. And with consideration of the needs of the white mice progressively increased, making the white rat breeders keen to expand its business.
The reason white rat is widely used as an experiment.
Since the beginning of the 20th century, the rat is widely used as a medium trial and testing of new drugs, and it has contributed significantly to scientists to address a variety of diseases.
Central seed testing animals rodents national types in Beijing is a famous place for the medical researcher. Since the establishment of the center in 1988, countless scientists have used various types of mice from the center for scientific research.
Deputy Director of the center Jinheng Wang said, "The main task it is to mengintrodusi, collect and preserve seeds animal trials, providing a type of seed that meets the standards for customers at home and abroad. According to incomplete statistics, the center has provided nearly 30,000 seedlings rats to 50 more units than 20 provinces and cities of China. "
Wang Jinheng in his explanation said, The reason the researchers chose mice as experimental animals because the mice have many advantages.
Many gen_nya mice are relatively similar to humans.
In mammals (mammal)
The ability of rats multiply very high, relatively suitable for use in bulk experiments.
Type of rat small physique, easily maintained and used drugs in the body can be relatively quickly manifested.
Rats are often used in the experiment was a white rat (Rattus norvegicus).
White mice became spies / Intel.
A trained rat Africa, was named Kofi. With a keen sense of smell, he can sniff out mines within a radius of about 50 meters, with a weight of about 1.3 kg only, very small possibility of a mine can be triggered (trigger) and exploded by the pressure of body weight.
Kofi and other mine detection rats, trained on when to stop breastfeeding, or at the age of five weeks. Rats trained to sniff (detect) the aroma / smell a landmine steel casing, as his reward, the rat will get food, in this case the hero Kofi, the prize is an avocado.
A landmine detection rats that have been trained, with nimble will sniff mines, then sit down and scrape the dirt where the location of mines are found, and wait to be given food as a reward. After that, a demolition expert would be to destroy the mines.
The mine detection rats can sterilize minefield only an area of 100 square meters with a time of 30 minutes, equivalent to two days of work of man (officer deminers). Incredible .. !!!
Colombia.
In a laboratory belonging to the police, 11 white rats waiting for his turn to impress trainers and perhaps get a prize.
Rodents it now has an important role to make the Colombian conflict into safe territory. The mice are now being trained to search for mines that have killed and injured hundreds of people each year.
Government project that began in 2006 has trained rats to detect the metals used for thousands of landmines were used during the conflict with my left.
Colombian scientists decided to use rats, just like dogs that are traditionally able to detect the presence of landmines, these mice have increased ability to smell it. Another reason is that the mice are lightweight, so it will not blow up the mines.
The rats were previously trained to obey voice commands and recognize the specific odor of the metal used for mines.
Mozambique.
Rats used for detecting landmines in Mozambique. When APOPO, a Belgian NGO proposes the use of four-legged rodent was released to Mozambique minefield, there is skepticism of government officials in attendance. But the project is named Mine Detection Rats (MDRs) that proved successful.
"In Mozambique we eat rats," joked Alberto Augusto, director of the national institute demining Mozambique, "so it's very strange to see their work clearing mines. We thought to bake them. "
But once the giant rats (greater than rats here) it looks began sweeping mines, did not take long until the authorities convinced. Mine Detection Rats (MDRs) are specially trained by APOPO researcher for humanitarian purposes such as sweeping mines.
Landmines continue to be the scourge of post-conflict countries. Scattered around 78 countries, one of the most dangerous weapons in the world, many are still buried under the ground for decades. Deadly nature they do not diminish over time. According to the International Committee of the Red Cross, more than 800 people were killed and 1,200 disabled by landmines every month most of them children, women, and the elderly.
In Mozambique, including the highest number of shrapnel, tens of thousands of landmines stocked during the 1964-1975 independence struggle and civil war for nearly two decades. Without a valid map that can be used to record mine, Augusto work certainly is a big challenge.
Fortunately, since the launch of the rat APOPO started in 2006, they have managed to clean up more than 6 million square meters of rural Mozambique, "harvest" 2,406 landmines, 992 bombs, arms and ammunition and 13 025.
Demining is the easiest part of this process. The hardest part is figuring out where they are. Over the past two decades, hundreds of millions of dollars have been disbursed to a number of studies to improve the effectiveness of landmine detection in order to save more lives.
According to CEO Christophe Cox APOPO, when the organization began researching the use of technology rat early 90s, dozens of universities still struggling in image processing technologies such as thermal, laser detectors, and other expensive technologies.
Mice offer several advantages. First, they are very cheap, both of feed and maintenance. Species native to Africa mice used. Because of poor eyesight, they are very dependent on olfaction, thus making them highly suitable for the detection of explosives.
The mice were also able to live up to eight years in captivity, which means maximizing the return on training investment. APOPO estimates that the rats will cost about 6,000 euros during his tenure, about 100 euros per month for a term of four years. It was with no record of those who take the time to detect mines exploded. Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno.
sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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http://faradice.blogspot.com/2014/09/about-rat.html
DatePublished: September 27, 2014 at 09:45
Tag : About Rat.
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